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Solid State

April 24th, 2010 car parts No comments

Solid State

MG MGB JAGUAR AUSTIN SU FUEL PUMP SOLID STATE
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Jeep MB CJ Solid State Distributor 1941 71 134 Engines
Jeep MB CJ Solid State Distributor 1941 71 134 Engines
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1845
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1362
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1241
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Solid State Distributor for 1941 71 4 CYL 134 Engine
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 2541
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PerTronix Ignitor II® Solid State Ignition System 91581
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Meyer Solid State Model 07183 DRL Module Snowplow
Meyer Solid State Model 07183 DRL Module Snowplow
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Meyer Solid State Model 07401 DRL Module Snowplow
Meyer Solid State Model 07401 DRL Module Snowplow
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Meyer Solid State Model 07601 DRL Module Snowplow
Meyer Solid State Model 07601 DRL Module Snowplow
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PerTronix Ignitor II® Solid State Ignition System 91261
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System ML 182
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PerTronix Ignitor II® Solid State Ignition System 91582
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1863
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1867A
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System ML141
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1641
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1361A
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1741
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System LU142A
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1847A
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System ML 186A
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1384
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1181LS
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PerTronix Ignitor® Solid State Ignition System 1281
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Components of Solid State Drive (SSD)

Flash Memory:

The solid-state flash memory is used as a non-volatile memory to store data permanent.  Two types of Main flashes are there, NOR and NAND. Depend upon the usage, any of either use as a permanent storage here. The above two have it’s own advantages and limitations also. The interface provided for reading and writing also differs. Basically NOR has long erase and write times. NAND has lower cost.

Flash Memory Controller:

Approximately three percent of the overall SSD memory array is reserved as a "spare area". Approximately three to six bytes in the spare area are reserved for error detection and correction algorithms, while the remainder of the spare area is used for remapping bad blocks. Without a SSD flash memory controller the algorithms that handle these functions would be executed by the general purpose CPU. However, SSD controllers are available that will perform these functions in hardware. This reduces the CPU load on the device, which has the effect of speed up the performance. In addition, the advent of Multi-Level Cell (MLC) NAND flash Technology requires even more rigorous error detection algorithms due to the increased chance of an error occurring. A Flash controller is perhaps the only reasonable way of performing this task.

This Flash Controllers can implement read and write caching and transfer data to and from the flash chip independently of the general purpose CPU. This increases the overall throughput and can again reduce the load on the system. Integrated NAND controllers are growing in popularity as mobile processor vendors, such as ‘Freescale’ and Texas Instruments, build NAND controllers directly into their processors. The advantages of this approach are that the design can be kept small and the costs can be minimized. The disadvantage is the inevitable delay between a new NAND flash technology appearing and the release of an integrated processor that supports it.

At a higher level, an intelligent block device driver, such as flashFX Pro from Data light, or a flash file system often utilizes the NAND controller driver. Some important functions of this software are:

  • Reducing the integration time for developers of embedded applications
  • Handling bad blocks present on the NAND flash chip
  • Providing small block emulation, which is required due to the relatively large "erase blocks" present on NAND flash
  • Mitigating the effects of wear on the NAND flash through the application of wear leveling algorithms that spread writes and erases over a wider area
  • Providing a file system interface that allows you to interact with the flash chip at the file level

FIFO:

FIFO is an algorithm for First In, First Out, an abstraction in ways of organizing and manipulation of data relative to time and prioritization. This expression describes the principle of what comes in first is handled first, what comes in next waits until the first is finished. In here this FIFO and its control is used as intermediate between RAM controller and Flash controller. There is an algorithm used here is called Disk Scheduling Algorithm.

Disk Scheduling Algorithm:

In most systems there are many process that are running simultaneously. Often, many processes request I/O operations from/to the hard drive. The algorithm used to select which request is going to be satisfied first is called "disk scheduling algorithm."

There are two objectives for any disk-scheduling algorithm:
1. Minimize the throughput - the average number of requests satisfied per time unit.
2. Maximize the response time - the average time that a request must wait before it is satisfied.

ECC:

Error detection and correction has great practical importance in maintaining information integrity across channels and less-than-reliable storage media. Here in SSD, an error-correcting code (ECC) or forward error correction (FEC) code is a code in which each data signal conforms to specific rules of construction so that departures from this construction in the received signal can generally be automatically detected and corrected. Here it’s used in RAM and in data transmission. The basic idea is for the transmitter to apply one or more of the error detecting codes; then the receiver uses those codes to narrow down exactly where in the message the error (if any) was. If there was a single bit error in transmission, the decoder uses those error-detecting codes to narrow down the error to a single bit (1 or 0), then fix that error by flipping that bit. Some schemes are there to use here, they are repetition schemes, parity schemes, cyclic redundancy checks, Hamming distance based checks etc.,

RAM:

RAM (random access memory) is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. However, the data in RAM stays there only as long as the computer is running. Whenever the user turns the computer off, RAM loses its data. When user turn computer on again, your operating system and other files are once again loaded into RAM, usually from the hard disk.

RAM Controller:

The RAM controller used here to access the data from RAM according to the instruction by Processor. When the processor or CPU gets the next instruction it is to perform, the instruction contains the address of RAM location from which data is to be read (brought to the processor for further processing). This address is sent to the RAM controller. The RAM controller organizes the request and sends it down the appropriate address lines so that transistors along the lines open up the cells so that each capacitor of the RAM value can be read. A capacitor with a charge over a certain voltage level represents the binary value of 1 and a capacitor with less than that charge represents a 0. For dynamic RAM, before a capacitor is read, it must be power-refreshed to ensure that the value read is valid. Depending on the type of RAM, the entire line of data may be read that the specific address happens to be located at or, in some RAM types, a unit of data called a page is read. The data that is read is transmitted along the data lines to the processor's nearby data buffer known as level-1 cache and another copy may be held in level-2 cache.

Flash Control Register:

Flash control registers in solid-state disks controls write protection of static memory devices.

Processor:

A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a system like computer. The term processor has generally replaced the term central processing unit (CPU) in computer. In a computer's assembler language, each language statement generally corresponds to a single processor instruction. In high-level languages, a language statement generally results (after program compilation) in multiple processor instructions. In assembler language, a macroinstruction is one that, during processing by the assembler program, expands to become multiple instructions (based on a previously coded macro definition). The SSD can be used in RISC processor (such as SPARC, MIPS and PA) also. Most of the pocket PC’s has MIPS processor running at 166mhz with 64bit addressing with SSD.

About the Author

Design Engineer, Tata Elxsi Limited, ITPB Road, Whitefield, Bangalore - 560048, Karnataka, India - Mail: mskumar@tataelxsi.co.in / mskumar86@myway.com - Ph: +91 9916516728

what is the difference between hard drive that is solid state drive and regular hard drive?

seems like regular laptops have something between 160 to 320 hard drive... but these mini laptops or netbooks have a hard drive that is 4 to 16 solid state drive... does anyone know what that means?

Regular hard drives are electro-mechanical devices. Data is stored using a moving read-write head that puts small magnetic charges on a spinning disk.

Solid state drives on the other had are completely electronic, they have no moving parts. They use some from of memory that holds it's data when the power is turned off, usually Flash memory.

Solid state drives are much more durable then normal drives which makes them great for laptops. They can also access data faster. The downside right now is that they are more expensive then normal drives.

Psi Solid

January 30th, 2010 car parts No comments
Air Tire Auto Pressure Inflator Dual Angle Chuck Gauge Air Tire Auto Pressure Inflator Dual Angle Chuck Gauge
Sale Price: $9.99
Average Rating:

Dual angle chuck inflator reaches inside and outside tires. FREE 0-60 PSI POCKET PENCIL GAUGE

Psi Solid

Turncrafter Plus Review - Lathe By Psi

For the last few years I have been thinking about buying a wood lathe. I've always been very interested in wood turning, and thought it would make a great hobby, but I'd never really gotten started.

A friend of mine, Chuck, is a very experienced and skilled wood turner, and every so often I get a chance to experiment with his lathe, and I always enjoy the experience. He's alway happy to let me use it and willing to teach me anything I want to know, but I feel bad for imposing on him.

I never really got serious and did my research on wood lathes since I always felt that it was too expensive a hobby, and I couldn't really afford it. I knew that Chuck's lathe, a large model from General, cost him several thousand dollars and just figured that was the normal price range. This kept me away from wood turning for several years!

Recently I started looking at Wood Lathe prices, only to discover there's a large market for much smaller less expensive lathes. After looking at several reviews online and finding most of them positive, I decided to invest in A Turncrafter Plus from PSI.

This lathe was marketed as an inexpensive beginner lathe, and that's what really stood out for me. It cost a little over 150$, so I wasn't expecting too much. I was thrilled with the purchase anyway, since I would finally be able to get into wood turning, and if it didn't work out then it wasn't as if I had made a big investment.

When it arrived I was pleasantly surprised. The Turncrafter came nicely packaged and looked great out of the box. It was very small, only about two feet long and half a foot deep, but that was perfect since I don't have a lot of room in my shop. I was impressed with how heavy and solid it seamed, since I was worried that for the money I would get something flimsy or easy to break.

I attached a small piece of wood using the included live center and turned it on. It runs very quietly and smoothly, whether you have it on the slowest or fastest speed. I bought a set of lathe tools with it, and they cut into my spindle as smooth as butter!
I've turned a handful of pens and a candleholder on it so far, and I haven't had a single problem. It holds the spindle very well, and spins without slipping or choking. I couldn't be happier with this lathe. There are some limitations, mostly because of the small side, so maybe at some point I will want to upgrade to a bigger lathe, but for now it's perfect.

If you're looking to get into wood turning I highly recommend the PSI Turncrafter as an inexpensive alternative.

About the Author

You can read a more detailed review of the Turncrafter Plus with technical specifications and details at Wood Lathes Online. You can also read some more about the Turncrafter Plus in this article.

2000 Camaro SS. What do you think of my upgrades? What else should I do?

I'm going to put ALL this into a 2000 Camaro SS, what do you think of it?

-Procharger 8+ psi w/ D-1SC Supercharger
-K&N FIPK
-Hotchkis Sway Bar Kit 1” solid rear, 1 7/16” hollow front
-Holley Throttle Body Assembly 90 mm
-American Racing Vintage Torq-Thrust M Anthracite w/ Mach Lip Rims
-Pace Setter Long-Tube Headers 1 ¾” tubes 3” collector
-Magnaflow Cat-Back Exhaust System 3” tubing 3.5” tips
-Bosch Platinum 2 Spark Plugs
-Continental ExtremeContact DWS Tires
-KYB Rear Shocks
-Satisfied GranSport 6 Brake Pads
-Brembo GT 332 mm Big Brake Kit Style 3/D
-Body repainted to Blue Granite Metallic (2009 Chevy Tahoe)

What else do I NEED to do, or should do, to make this AT LEAST a 10 sec. car?

LOL at people suggesting a "4-link" suspension...ughhh.

...and fiberglass doors? Are you freakin' serious?

You're going to NEED injectors, the stockers won't cut it, 50#'s will do the trick. You're going to need to open up the heads a lot or get aftermarket ones, same with the cam..you'll want specs that are blower friendly. As buffman suggested you'll need a tune, pcm4less has done all of my tunes and tunes at the shop. Bryan knows his stuff. Platinum plugs and a blower is a big no-no. Stick with the proper NGK plugs and be done with it.

You're forgetting about a few major things too, suspension(and no, not a 4-link). You're going to need subframe connectors, a good torque arm(Spohn or UMI), lower control arms(again, Spohn or UMI) and most importantly a cage if you want to stay track legal. Also, kiss that weak, junk 10-bolt goodbye. They break under stock power let alone a boosted motor.

I would seriously check out ls1tech.com and start reading the power adder board, there are so many different combos you can go with, so many ways of doing things....I'd suggest there, you have people here telling you to swap to a 4 link and that 10 second cars have no business being on the street(no idea where that guy is from but here near Philly that is the norm, home of REAL racers)....no really sound advice.

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